Bullying and Cyberbullying Offending Among US Youth: The Influence of Six Parenting Dimensions

 

Abstract

Bullying and cyberbullying prevention remain a major priority for schools, communities, and families, and research is clear that positive, constructive parenting practices can play a key preventive role. The current work explores six dimensions of parenting (warmth, structure, autonomy support, rejection, chaos, and coercion), and their specific relationship to school and online bullying. Using survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1474 English-speaking 12- to 17-year-old US youth, we found that students whose parent(s) exhibit warmth, structure, and autonomy support are less likely to have engaged in bullying or cyberbullying offending, while those with parental relations marked by rejection, chaos, and coercion are more likely to have participated in both forms of peer aggression. Implications for developing stronger parent-child relationships through improved parenting practices as a mechanism for bullying prevention are discussed.

Highlights

• Approximately 21% of US youth have bullied someone else at school in at least one or more ways in the last 30 days.
• Approximately 5% of US youth have bullied someone else online in at least one or more ways in the last 30 days.
• Positive parenting in the form of warmth, structure, and autonomy/support were linked to lower bullying and cyberbullying.
• Negative parenting in the form of rejection, chaos, and coercion were associated with higher levels of bullying and cyberbullying.
• Parental influence has a stronger impact on cyberbullying as compared to traditional bullying.

Bullying and Cyberbullying Offending Among US Youth: The Influence of Six Parenting Dimensions | Journal of Child and Family Studies | Springer Nature Link https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-021-02208-7

Vicarious supervision: Preventing cyberbullying through positive parent-child relationships

     Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2026). Vicarious supervision: Preventing cyberbullying through positive parent-child relationships. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 102140. 

Abstract

As youth face various Internet-based risks while interacting online, parents need theoretically grounded, evidence-based insights on strategies to prevent their child(ren) from participating in inappropriate behaviors. An approach that can facilitate better decision-making online, rooted in social bond and attachment theory, is a concept we term vicarious supervision. This perspective emphasizes the parent-child relationships in the prevention of online misbehaviors. In particular, we argue that youth who are strongly attached to their parents will be more likely to believe that their parents know what they are doing online and as a result be less likely to misbehave online. Using a nationally-representative sample of 2500 middle and high school students between the ages of 12- and 17-years-old in the United States, we examined whether those who: (1) were strongly attached to their parents, (2) perceived their parents as knowing what they are doing online, and (3) considered how their parents would feel about their online activities, would be less likely to participate in cyberbullying. Results indicated that positive parent-child attachment did reduce a child's likelihood of participating in cyberbullying. Moreover, children who considered how their parents would feel about their online behaviors were less likely to cyberbully others. Implications for cyberbullying prevention and future research on these parent relationship concepts are discussed.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359178926000157

Safer Internet Day from ConnectSafely

Safer Internet Day aims to not only create a safer internet but also a better internet, where everyone is empowered to use technology responsibly, respectfully, critically and creatively.

Safer Internet Day | Safer Internet Day USA https://safer.connectsafely.org/

Teach Digital Citizenship: Free lessons and activities

 

Teach Digital Citizenship: Free lessons and activities that help students build essential digital habits and skills.

https://www.commonsense.org/education?lid=q88wpo0ec9dz

Kindness 101 with Steve Hartman Web Series

Kindness 101 with Steve Hartman Web Series | CBS Evening News - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLotzEBRQdc0f3PrQlYhNyDjIHF8bhOlpn

Poll shows most teens oppose classroom cellphone bans | K-12 Dive

Poll shows most teens oppose classroom cellphone bans | K-12 Dive

About 38 states have laws or policies on K-12 classroom or school cellphone usage, according to Ballotpedia. About 29 states have policies banning or limiting cellphones in classrooms.

https://www.k12dive.com/news/most-teens-oppose-classroom-school-cellphone-bans/809624/

The power of productive struggle

This flyer from the Brookings Institution provides parents and caregivers with practical strategies to help children aged 10–14 develop resilience and persistence when using generative AI tools. It emphasizes that while AI can offer quick answers, it often leads to “easy button” thinking that can undermine a child’s willingness to work through difficult problems. To counter this, the guide encourages families to set goals for AI use, treat AI mistakes as learning opportunities, and celebrate the process of learning rather than just the final output.

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Brookings_Persistence-Through-Challenges-A_Flyer_DIGITAL.pdf