Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2026). Vicarious supervision: Preventing cyberbullying through positive parent-child relationships. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 102140.
Abstract
As youth face various Internet-based risks while interacting online, parents need theoretically grounded, evidence-based insights on strategies to prevent their child(ren) from participating in inappropriate behaviors. An approach that can facilitate better decision-making online, rooted in social bond and attachment theory, is a concept we term vicarious supervision. This perspective emphasizes the parent-child relationships in the prevention of online misbehaviors. In particular, we argue that youth who are strongly attached to their parents will be more likely to believe that their parents know what they are doing online and as a result be less likely to misbehave online. Using a nationally-representative sample of 2500 middle and high school students between the ages of 12- and 17-years-old in the United States, we examined whether those who: (1) were strongly attached to their parents, (2) perceived their parents as knowing what they are doing online, and (3) considered how their parents would feel about their online activities, would be less likely to participate in cyberbullying. Results indicated that positive parent-child attachment did reduce a child's likelihood of participating in cyberbullying. Moreover, children who considered how their parents would feel about their online behaviors were less likely to cyberbully others. Implications for cyberbullying prevention and future research on these parent relationship concepts are discussed.
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